Many people would like to speak out against adverse situations at the workplace, including being victimised, but do not do so because they are scared to lose their jobs. Some people consider it a strength not to speak out in the interests of preserving ones job. Others think it is a strength to speak out in principle despite the consequences.
I have learnt recently to respect the former view ( not speaking out and keeping ones job) as I understand the financial hardship people are going through. I am however, one proponent of the latter view ( speaking out in principle and demanding to be treated with dignity), which is the less popular view because lots of people simply don't speak out because they do not have the courage to do so.
In your case, you have said both positive and negative things. More importantly the negative was not picking on personality differences, but consisted of constructive criticism which is most useful. Any organisation would be concerned if a supervisor is criticising staff in the presence of colleagues. This is unprofessional and destructive, but the supervisor may not realise this. You pointing it out is a good thing in the interest of your boss so that he could remedy it, and the company because they can address this negative practise throughout the company and deter others from doing it.
I think you have done a great job in the feedback. If it is going to be of any use, it needs to be truthful. They can't expect to only hear nice things because that will mean no change whatsoever and a futile HR audit.
In a perfect world, there should not be any repercusions for being truthful in an HR audit, even if you said just negative things that were true. You actually balanced your feedback with both positive and negative things so it would be especially harsh if they victimise you.
If however, there is repercussions for you from speaking the truth, I think you would have to deal with it, but you would be better of in being victimised for speaking the truth than living with yourself knowing that you lied.
Good Luck and hats off for having a spine in the workplace.